The Social Investment Theory Personality Is Shaped With...

Para 1: According to the social-investment theory, personality is shaped with time and influenced by our social contexts and life events (Roberts, Wood, Caspi, 2008; Heatherton Nicholas, 1994; Roberts Mroczek, 2008). Particularly, this is evident within the social roles people occupy (Lehnart, Neyer, Eccles, 2010). Here, individual’s have a core responsibility in selecting and managing their social environment. Subsequently, such a distinct environment directly affects their personality (Srivastava, John, Gosling, Potter, 2003). For example, Lenhart et al. conducted a study that found that investing in a romantic relationship in turn increases an individual’s emotional stability. Being a romantic partner is essentially a social†¦show more content†¦Such results support the idea that life experiences induce new personality traits. In Luhmann et al. (2015) own words, â€Å"In early unemployment stages, there may be incentives for individuals to behave agreeably in an effort to secure another job or placate those around them, but in later years when the situation becomes endemic, such incentives may weaken.† Thus, this challenges the idea of personality being fixed. Para 3: Furthermore, personality change can occur as the result of an individual’s goals and motivation for such change (Hudson Fraley, 2015). In a recent study, it was found that less than 13% of people express desires for their personality to remain the same (Hudson Roberts, 2014). Accordingly, Hudson and Fraley (2015) conducted a longitudinal experiment to determine whether â€Å"people’s goals to change their personality traits (were) associated with subsequent growth in their personality traits over time.† This was investigated using university participant’s. Here, the participants self-reported their individual personality change goals each week over a period of 16 weeks. Overall, the study found that participants who wanted to become more extraverted, tended to experience a subsequent increase in the trait-extraversion. As such, this demonstrates that personality can in fact change, especially if it is a desired outcome by the individual. Para 4: However, such understandings contrast that of McCrae and Costa’s (1988) ‘set inShow MoreRelatedA Leadership Role Model2025 Words   |  9 Pageshuman beings. This essay identifies leadership attributes and behavior of one individual and will attempt to explain how his influence on the people touched by his leadership style and behavior shaped my personal leadership style I will use a process of analysis that will integrate prevalent leadership theories to support reasonable conclusions. However, the judgments, assertions and conclusions are limited to a personal but objective observation of the actions and behavior of one individual over aRead MoreThe Nature Nurture Controversy : 20th Century Present3499 Words   |  14 Pagesis an age-old dispute that has been debated since at least the time of Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.E). According to the nature stance, who we are as individuals, that is, our physical characteristics, personality, intelligence, and how we behave, is biologically inherited, now known through our genetics. Hippocrates for instance, posited that human behaviour was linked to our bodily fluids, which he referred to as humors. Four personality types were identified that were related to four humors: cholericRead MoreThe Impact Of Managerial Styles On Organizational Effectiveness7129 Words   |  29 PagesACTIVITY: 1 Task 1: An evaluation of leadership theories. Task 2: An evaluation of the impact of managerial styles on organizational effectiveness. 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The Starbucks Corporation is well known for its strong positive culture and a willingness to adapt and change. â€Å"StarbucksRead MoreJurisprudential Theories on IPR13115 Words   |  53 Pagesand  human rights  is a complex one,[33]  there are moral arguments for intellectual property. The arguments that justify intellectual property fall into three major categories. Personality theorists believe intellectual property is an extension of an individual. Utilitarians believe that intellectual property stimulates social progress and pushes people to further innovation. Lockeans argue that intellectual property is justified based on deservedness and hard work. Various moral justifications forRead MoreControl Theory15246 Words   |  61 PagesUniversity of Arizona Author of Social Bond Theory Hirschi’s Two Theories and Beyond T ravis Hirschi has dominated control theory for four decades. 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TaylorRead MoreDoes the Perceived Risk of Punishment Deter Criminally Prone Individuals - Rational Choice, Self-Control and Crime.Pdf14337 Words   |  58 Pagesfrom birth through age 26 (N = 1,002). They found that in fact, deterrence perceptions had their greatest impact on criminally prone study members. Keywords: deterrence theory; criminal propensity Society controls its members by threatening punishments, both formal, such as arrest and imprisonment, and informal, such as social disapproval and withholding of resources. Policymakers, as well as the general public, have widely accepted the punishment-as-deterrence doctrine (Liska and Messner 1999)Read MoreScribd Essay14644 Words   |  59 Pagesthe social learning theory in details? ANS: One of the most influential learning theories, the Social Learning Theory(SLT), was formulated by Albert Bandura. It encompasses concepts of traditionallearning theory and the operant conditioning of B.F. Skinner.However, the theory strongly implies that there are types of learning wherein directreinforcement is not the causal mechanism; rather, the so called social element canresult to the development of new learning among individuals. Social LearningTheoryRead MoreFactors Affecting the Career Choice of Senior High School Students9169 Words   |  37 Pagesselection of a type of occupation or profession. Childhood Aspirations – the child infantile wishes of what they want when they grew up. Family – a basic social unit consisting of parents and their children, considered as a group, whether dwelling together or not. Gender – is a range of characteristics of femininity and masculinity. Depending on the context, the term may refer to such concepts as sex (i.e. the state of being male or female). Number of Siblings – a number of individuals in the family having

Estuaries Essay examples - 695 Words

Estuaries Estuaries are bodies of water along our coasts that are formed when fresh water from rivers flows into and mixes with salt water from the ocean. In estuaries, the fresh river water is blocked from streaming into the open ocean by either surrounding mainland, peninsulas, barrier islands, or fringing salt marshes. This mixing of fresh and salt water creates a unique environment that brims with all kinds of life. The estuary gathers and holds an abundance of life-giving nutrients from the land and from the ocean. They provide a unique habitat for over 75 percent of our nations commercial fish. This along with commercial and recreational fishing, boating and tourism provides many jobs and lots of enjoyment for those who†¦show more content†¦Estuaries provide us with a whole suite of resources, benefits, and services. Some of these can be measured in dollars and cents, others can not. Estuaries are an irreplaceable natural resource that must be managed carefully for the mutual benefit of all who enjoy and depend on them. Oceanographyically an estuary is a semi enclosed coastal body of water having a free connection to the open sea and within which the sea water is measurably diluted with fresh water derviving from land drainage.1 The rive water which enters the estuary mixes to some extent with the salt water thereing and eventually flows out to the open sea in the upper layer. A corresponding in flow of sea water takes place below the upper layer. The inflow and the outflow are dynamically associated so that while an increase in river flow tends to reduce the salinity of the estuary water it also causes an increased inflow of sea water which tends to increase it, thus an approximate steady state prevails. Estuaries are classified into four types. (1) Vertically mixed (TYPE A) This happens in generally shallow waters where the mixture is homogeneous from the surface to the bottom at any particular place along the estuary. The salinity increases as the distance from the head to mouth increases. (2) Slightly Stratified (TYPE B) This is similarShow MoreRelatedWater and Estuary2274 Words   |  10 PagesAn integrated study of the Mpenjati estuary-beach system. (Biological component) Abstract A study was carried out to find the abundances of animal organisms between both sides of the Mpenjati estuary. Zooplankton, Macro fauna, Meiofauna and Fish was sampled .Each of the species that reside in the estuary contribute to the diversity of the area and are essentially driving forces, ensuring optimal functioning of the ecosystem. The purpose of sampling such ecosystems is to find out how the interactionsRead MoreHow Estuaries Are Diverse And Rich Environments Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesEstuaries are incredibly diverse and rich environments. An estuary allows for diverse populations of fishes and other invertebrates because of the varying salinities and rich food sources (Keefer, Caudill, Peery, Moser, 2013). If an estuary is long enough there is a gradient as the fresh and salt water begin to mix (At the river s end, 2005). This gradient provides protection for some species and breeding grounds for other species. The unique habitat is makes a great nursery for juve nileRead MoreEstuaries : San Francisco Bay1584 Words   |  7 Pages As you may know, a estuary, particularly is a enclosed body of water aside the coast where freshwater from rivers and streams intertwine with the salt water from the ocean. As a matter of fact, estuaries are places of transition from land to sea and freshwater to salt water. An estuary is a partially enclosed body of water formed where freshwater from rivers and streams flows into the ocean, mixing with the salty sea water. Estuaries and the lands surrounding them are places of transition fromRead MoreThe Ecosystem Of The Chesapeake Bay1973 Words   |  8 Pagesits way into the largest estuary system in the United States. The Estuary System An estuary system is â€Å"the resulting collisions of sweet and salt-fresh river water flowing seaward and ocean water inland.† It is an aquatic system where salt and freshwater are constantly mixing. An estuary system is one of most active systems of the planet; it is a hybrid system that contains the best and worst qualities of the ocean, river, and lake systems it conglomerates. Estuaries are unique in nature becauseRead MoreEstuarine Pollution in Eutrophicatin972 Words   |  4 Pages Rivers and estuaries have been useful to human beings more than just as a water source. They have been the centre of interest of frontier settlement, which leads to more human activities and wastes, which leads to dumping rubbish into the most convenient place - the waterways. What becomes a problem is that more and more toxic chemicals are being dumped to a point that the waterways could no longer filter it. One of the problems that is becoming a global crisis is eutrophication. Therefore, thisRead MoreThe Chesapeake Bay1439 Words   |  6 Pagesits way into the largest estuary system in the United States. The Estuary System An estuary system is â€Å"the resulting collisions of sweet and salt-fresh river water flowing seaward and ocean water inland.† It is an aquatic system where salt and freshwater are constantly mixing. An estuary system is one of most active systems of the planet; it is a hybrid system that contains the best and worst qualities of the ocean, river, and lake systems it conglomerates. Estuaries are unique in nature becauseRead MoreThe Effect Of Global Warming On The Environment1003 Words   |  5 Pagesn.d) Warmer water can hold less dissolved oxygen and plants grow and die more quickly. Therefore it can be deduced that cooler water allows for a more comfortable environment for animals and vegetation. Ms. Hovey conducted a study on the Severn Estuary in the UK and noticed that the temperature of the water has increased. Increasing temperature of the water can result from Global Warming. As Global Warming alters temperature and weather patterns, it could have an impact on plant and animal lifeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Casting Into The Unknown By Marcelo Gleiser1060 Words   |  5 Pagestrip, standing in the dock allowed me to absorb the beautiful landscape and gives me a different experience then looking at maps. I can only imagine what was going through Harry Hudson’s and Giovanni da Verrazzano’s mind as they stumbled upon this estuary. The water completely fascinates people, including myself, and like our assigned class reading â€Å"Casting into the Unknown† by Marcelo Gleiser, the author alludes to the ocean as a representation of his collective identity, sense of freedom and mysteryRead MoreChesapeake Bay And The Bay1574 Words   |  7 PagesProgram n.d.). The Chesapeake Bay includes Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, as well as Washington D.C. (Chesapeake Bay Program n.d.). The Chesapeake Bay is an estuary where salt and freshwater meet which is one of the largest estuaries consisting of more than 100 estuaries (Chesapeake Bay Program n.d.). The freshwater flows from the Bay’s tributary rivers with about 50% of it coming from the Susquehanna river (â€Å"Geological History† n.d.). Since the saltwater is heavierRead MoreThe Sediments Within The Intertidal Zone998 Words   |  4 Pagesflocculation-deflocculation can explain the variable admixture of sand and clay fractions in individual sample. 3.2. Spatial distribution of the elements in the sediments The total elemental concentrations measured in sediments from both the Hugli River Estuary and Sundarban mangrove wetland varied considerably between elements and stations, which are possibly the reflection of multiple factors such as natural variability in the catchment rocks, several physical processes (material source, the residence

Great Gatsby Diction Analysis free essay sample

Chapter 1 She told me it was a girl, and so I turned my head away and wept. ‘All right,’ Im glad its a girl. And I hope shell be a fool thats the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool. Why I like this sentence: I chose this sentence because it exposes a really important detail about Daisy’s character and her morals; it also helps understand the general view of women in the novel. Structural Analysis: Fitzgerald uses these sentences to justify Daisy’s actions. He begins by using the word â€Å"wept† to emphasize the misfortune of having a female daughter in that time period. Weeping is not the usual reaction when finding out the gender of a child, so the author further establishes the setting of the novel by implying that women are inferior in this environment. Then, he continues to use the phrase â€Å"I hope she’ll be a fool† to emphasize that at that time period women are only significant in their beauty and innocence. We will write a custom essay sample on Great Gatsby Diction Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Women can basically be viewed as objects because they are so dependent and serve as a materialistic symbol to men. Being a fool brings social success in one’s life because it attracts the right type of man and leads to having a stable marriage and having a simple life, like Daisy’s. This phrase also reflects to Daisy’s own character because throughout the novel Daisy portrays herself to be a fool so she can be the traditional type of woman in her high social class and avoid any issues when in actuality she is intelligent . These sentences as a whole display how women in general conform themselves to model the standards of men. I like this sentence because it highlights the role of women in the book and it indirectly explains Daisy’s personality.

The Eve of St. Agnes Essay Example

The Eve of St. Agnes Paper Stanza XIX shows the voyeurism of Porphyro into to Madelines room; which was to lead him, in close secrecy, even to Madelines chamber, and there hide him in a closet By the reader being old that he has to hide it fuels the awareness of nervousness we are feeling for Porphyro and his safety. The fact that Angela tells him to be patient in stanza XX enables us to again intuit his growing excitement. Restlessness and thrill are two emotions that are reflected from Keats addressing the concealed Porphyro alerting him to the arrival of Madeline Now prepare, young Porphyro, for gazing on that bed; she comes, she comes gain, like ring-dove frayd and fled. Up to this point the reader has been made to feel all those emotions associated with tension; anticipation, restlessness, eagerness, danger, and anxiety, yet it is added to further in stanza XXIII with the added emotion of distress. Angela has arrived back she panted no uttered syllable, or, woe betide! Her heart paining as though a tongueless nightingale should swell in her throat in vain, and die, heat-stifled The next scene is that of seduction. Porphyro describes Madeline like a mermaid. These were creatures linked to temptation and enticement, and link the poem back to the earlier atmosphere of passion and ardour. We are being shown an ever growing picture of just how deep his love runs for Madeline. Combine this with the danger and eagerness and you can gain a real impression of the tension that Keats has created. We will write a custom essay sample on The Eve of St. Agnes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Eve of St. Agnes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Eve of St. Agnes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Suspense is relived as Porphyro watches Madeline while she is in her dream-like state. In an attempt to wake her he takes her lute and plays an ancient ditty close to her ear. She then opens her eyes whilst remaining half awake and half asleep. A melancholy tone is taken as at which fair Madeline began to weep and moan forth whilst Porphyro watches fearing to move or speak. The following two stanzas are sumptuous with descriptions of desire O leave me not in this eternal woe, for if thou diest, my Love, I know not where to go. And the sapphire heavens deep repose; into her dream he melted, as the rose blendeth its odour with the violet. as they consummate their relationship. Suddenly the atmosphere changes to that of deception and urgency in stanza XXXVIII No dream, alas! Alas! And woe is mine! Cruel! What traitor could thee bring hither? You could almost imagine their hearts quickening with anticipation. Again urgency is sustained through the use of short spilt sentences, for example Arise-arise! My Madeline! Sweet dreamer! Lovely bride! He has become frantic and frenzied in his speech. The reader soon begins to realise that if their love is to be authenticated, they must leave the protection of Madelines warm and dreamy room and go out to face the growing storm. When the lovers finally make their escape, there is again a suggestion of haste and urgency. They glide like phantoms, into the wide hall By using the metaphor of the movement of a phantom it helps the reader establish just how quick yet cautious they had to be in their escape, thus aiding the sensation of tension. In stanza XLI Keats says how the wakeful bloodhound rose These are dogs that are associated with hunting, and in the context of the poem we can relate this to Porphyro. We can feel his apprehending danger. The last stanza is very significant in helping form my opinion on the statement in the question. Porphyro and Madeline have finally made it out of the house yet we are left with a slight sense of danger. This is resulting from the use of negative wording, such as warrior, witch, demon, coffin, nightmared and ashes. Depending on your interpretation of the text, you could form the view that this ending does live up to the immense tension that is built up throughout the poem. We know that they managed to get away from the house, yet all the negative connotations almost crate a sense of doom: you are left wanting to know what happens to the lovers. If you look at the ending in a different way then I think it is possible to believe that it is not a very dramatic departure from them; there is no celebration from them or any real indication of what happens to them. Some resolution is given by Angela and the Beadsman, but it is not to the level that you would expect.

Disempowered Individuals With Learning Disabilities Social Work Essay Essay Example

Disempowered Individuals With Learning Disabilities Social Work Essay Essay Example Disempowered Individuals With Learning Disabilities Social Work Essay Essay Disempowered Individuals With Learning Disabilities Social Work Essay Essay Bing in the establishment was bad. I got tied up and locked up. I did nt hold any apparels of my ain, and no privateness. We got crush up at times but that was nt the worst. The existent hurting came from being a group. I was neer a individual. I was portion of a group to eat, kip and everything it was sad. ( As cited on Mencap.org ) Historically people with larning disablements have suffered disempowerment by being excluded from mainstream society through segregation in big establishments. ( Wolfensberger, 1972 ) people were dismpowered by holding small control over how they lived their lives. Although the Community Care Act 1990 has resulted in the closing and the relocation of people with larning disablements, people are still enduring disempowerment through exclusion by non being able to take how to populate their lives ( Ramcharan, et al 1997 ) . Authorization is: aˆÂ ¦ concerned with how people may derive corporate control over their lives, so as to accomplish their involvements as a group, and a method by which societal workers [ and other attention suppliers ] seek to heighten the power of people who lack it ( Thomas and Pierson 1996, p.134 ) . The Same As You? reexamine is the Scots Government s scheme for larning disablement services in Scotland.A The reappraisal sets out the Scots Government s wider policies of societal inclusion, equality and equity to enable alterations to go on for the better in the lives of people with learning disablements. A cardinal country identified within The Same As You? is Person Centred Planning. Person-centred planning means get downing with the person and seting the supports around them that will enable them to hold the life that they want. Person centred planning is a tool that can be used to be after with a individual. This can be to assist the individual think about what is of import in their life now and besides to believe about what what they would wish in the hereafter. Planing should include the individuals circle of support and affect all the people who are of import in the individuals life. ( Stalker and Campbell, 1998 ) . The thought behind individual cardinal planning was to react to jobs of societal exclusion, disempowerment and de-evalution. Person centred planning was developed in the 1980 s by a little figure of people including John O Brian and Michael Smull. As a manner of enabling people with larning disablements to travel out unintegrated establishments and back into the chief community. Person-centred planning is designed specifically to empower people, to straight back up their societal inclusion, and to straight dispute devaluation. By looking at what support is needed to let the individual included and involved in the community. ( Magito-Mclaughlin et al. , 2002 ) . Person centred attacks offer a different option to the traditional theoretical account of planning used for service proviso. The traditional methods of service proviso operated around the person having the service, with wellness and societal attention professionals doing all the determinations on the type of support the person received. The traditional theoretical account was disempowering to people with larning disablements as it focused on the individuals medical jobs, disregarding the qualities of the individual as human being. ( Sanderson, 2003 ) Person centered planning topographic points the person at the centre of the determination devising procedure, leting household members to go involved in the planning as Joynab, Mohammed s female parent provinces: Person-centred planning has given us hope and a vision for a better hereafter for Mohammed. We feel now we can hold a say in how and what service support he receives. We no longer believe that lone professionals know best for our boy. Mohammed s religion and cultural demands are recognised and responded to. ( DoH, 2010 ) Person centred be aftering expressions at the individuals qualities and is a manner of listening to what is of import in the individuals life. Peoples can direct their ain services and supports, in a individualized manner instead than trying to suit within preexistent service systems. An country where individual planning has helped the individual by listening to what they want enabling them to direct their services and support is through preparation and employment. Peoples with larning disablements have been marginalised from deriving employement, through the employers lack of understanding about larning disablements and stereotyped beliefs that they are incapable of working. As a female parent states I have a boy who has Down syndrome..I travel to the supermarkets and inquire if they could seek my boy outaˆÂ ¦I explain that he has Down syndrome, so they change the topic and say they will give me an application form.I explicate my boy can non compose, and they tell me he can non acquire an interview without an application form.Is this a manner of extinguishing the disabled? ( Anonymous part as cited by Williams,2009 ) Peoples with larning disablements benefit from working as it helps them to derive fiancial independency and security, increases their ego assurance and accomplishments and allows them to socialize. Todd ( 2002 ) demonstrates this in his study planning a new hereafter where an bureau worked with a immature adult male with autism whose end in life was to be an air hose pilot, even though this end was unrealistic. The support worker involved in his person-centered program, suggested and arranged a visit to Heathrow airdrome one time a hebdomad. The thought was to happen out what interested the immature adult male about being a pilot, was it the winging, planes or uniform? After sing the airdrome for a twosome of months it became evident that the luggage carrousels captivated him. The immature adult male was so supported to acquire a portion clip occupation as a luggage animal trainer. ( Todd, 2002 ) enabling the individual to go portion of the community. In a manner that values their h uman rights, gives them independency and pick. Person centred planning has a peculiar attack that can be used for different persons in different state of affairss. The four chief tools that can implemented include: McGill Action Planning System ( MAPS ) , this procedure is a utile tool for garnering information in the early phases of planning, assisting to place the individual endowments and demands. ELP ( Essential Lifestyle Planning ) is more normally used to be after for people who are traveling out of instititionalised attention. Personal Futures Planning is less service based, be givening to be used for constructing relationships with household, friends and suiting into the wider community. PATHS ( Planing Alternative Tomorrows and Hope ) is used to develop an action program for the person. ( Stalker and Campbell, 1998, Sanderson, 2000 ) Peoples with larning disablements can hold communicating jobs and should non be disregarded from holding individual centred planning for that ground. There are assorted techniques that can be used allow a individual with a larning disablement to pass on in their thoughts for the program, such as Makaton, speaking mats, mark linguistic communication and image Bankss. ( Grove, 2005 ) the program can be done any format that is accessible to the individual such as a written papers, a drawing or head map with images or an unwritten program recorded on to a compact phonograph record. Plans are the updated when the individual wishes to do a alteration or when they have achieved their end. Person centred planning is for eveyone, non merely for people who can pass on. As it can prosecute participants personally by leting them to hear of profoundly felt hopes and dreams and frights, even if the individual feels they are silly. As the planning procedure allows the individual to interrupt free from the misconceptions and conventions that can tackle their hereafter. Some illustrations of peoples dreams were a immature adult male wanted a trip to Mexico as portion of his vision. Another is taking guitar lessons as a manner to accomplish his end of being a state and western vocalist. An older adult female, in her program, decided to retire. Another is taking art categories and larning to paint watercolors. Get downing a concern, traveling to college or university, purchasing a house, these are all things that are possible through individual centered planning. ( ne-pdd.org ) Person centered planning has helped people achieve authorization is their pick to organize relationships, acquire married or have kids. Peoples with larning disablements have the same demand for love and relationships as do all human existences. However this demand is non being met for people with a learning disablement. Literature on the topic provides information about gender in respects to larning disablements, nevertheless it seems to concentrate on disablement and gender from the position of it being a job. ( Parritt, 2005. ) This negative position of people with larning disablements and gender stems from the historical position of larning disablements, where people with disablements were placed in establishments and segregated ( Potts and Fido,1991 ) This degree of control can still be seen today with professional s and households seeking to deter familiarity and relationships, sing the individual with a disablement as vulnerable, seen as the eternal kid ( McCarthy, 1999 ) Mrs Susan Hurst and Mr Frank Hurst tell their narrative of Our Wedding, Our Dream where individual centred planning enabled them to acquire married. Mrs Hurst provinces, some people felt there was nt a demand for us to acquire married but we wanted what every one else hadaˆÂ ¦Getting married had ever been our dreamaˆÂ ¦ . ( csrpcp.net ) Mr. and Mrs. Hurst depict how the tools of individual centered planning enabled them to place both their hopes, ends and dreams for the hereafter this enabled them both excessively make all the determinations in be aftering for their nuptials. Mr and Mrs Hurst explain that they even planned their honeymoon and travelled to their honeymoon finish without the adjutant of support workers, as individual centered planning had enabled them to be after in front of the troubles that might happen and how the twosome would decide them when on vacation. Without Person centered be aftering Mr and Mrs Hurst would neer hold been able to acquire married or travel on honeymoon. Mr and Mrs Hurst felt that individual centered planning helped them to accomplish their ends enabling them to experience in control of their lives, leting them to take their human right to acquire married and regard for private and household life. ( csrpcp.net ) There is statute law that supports the rights of people with larning disablements to hold carry throughing relationships and sex lives if that is their pick. ( Article 8 ) provinces that every homo being has a right to esteem for private and household life. The Disability Discrimination Act ( 1995 ) gives people the right to entree household planning clinics and advice centres. Peoples with larning disablements should be accepted as people who have the same capacity for loving as others in society. ( Lesselliers, 1999 ) Loneliness and isolation may happen through the deficiency of chance to hold loving relationships. Therefore individual centred planning can enable people with larning disablements to be empowered by leting them to do these determinations and taking how they want to populate their lives. individual centred be aftering improves the individual quality of life. Increasing the individuals right to empowerment through the right to work where they want, where they would wish to populate and increasing their societal web by allowing them take how they would to socialize. ( Whitney-Thomas et al. , 1998 ) . Relationships improve for the individual at the Centre of the planning, as they became more motivated and end oriented. As the engagement procedure allows friends and household to fall in in the planning and assist the individual achieve their ends. Parents besides reported that individual centred planning had such an impact on their household s lives, that they choose to go involved in developing other households in the importance of individual centered planning. As individual centred planning is designed to concentrate on one individual at a clip, it increases the possible to broaden chances for people with larning disablements in deriving the life they choose. As Person centred planning allows the individual to take how, when and where they want support or services delivered instead than the standard one size fits all attack. ( OBrien A ; Lovett, 1993 ) . However there are restrictions to individual centered planning for people with learning disablements. Insufficient support and resources can impede the planning procedure individuals and their chance to accomplish their ends, go forthing people disillusioned with the procedure. Person centered planning requires trained and good equipt staff who are knowing about inclusion, rights of people with larning disablements and how to assist authorise people by directing them. As people can lose trust in centered planning if these values are non upheld. ( Kinsella 2000 ) , Person centered planning can take clip to accomplish marks, it is non suited for people who require exigency planning where action needs to take topographic point in a few yearss. The procedure is non a speedy hole ( OBrien A ; Lovett, 1993 ) . In decision people with larning disablements have suffered from disempowerment in the yesteryear as a consequence of institutionalized attention. However individual centered planning has enabled people with disablements to go empowered by leting them to do their ain picks and be to the full supported about how they would wish to populate their life. By leting people with larning disablements to take their right to employment through what occupation they would wish to work, this in bend empowers them by deriving fiancial independency and increased ego assurance, every bit good as larning accomplishments and acquiring to run into new people. Person centred planning has allowed people to derive their right to household life and matrimony, by leting people to be after their ain nuptials and honeymoon giving them independency to get down married life. Therefore individual centered planning creates positive effects that go beyond effectual planning. In that it allows people to be listened to and what is of import to them. However this is merely effectual if what is recorded on the program is acted on, as people will lose religion in individual centered planning if no action comes from their picks.

good ole days essays

good ole days essays The Good Old Days They Were Terrible Today is Monday July the 10th. Today was a very long day, I got up at sunrise and did not get home until after sunset. I am not used to working like this. I came from Germany with my parents in 1887. I was but a little boy when we came here. I was probably between the ages of 5 and 6. My father had a small store in Germany, where he sold food and other goods. I guess it could be called a general store. The store was not doing that much business because the farmers in Germany were going through a lot of agriculture changes. The farmers could not pay the bills and because of this we were going broke. Well, back to today! Today was a very hard day. When I woke up this morning my brothers and I had to feed all of our animals. We had a few chickens, some cows, and a few pigs. The pigs are the worst to feed because you have to walk through all of the mud and muck to get to them. I hate feeding the pigs, I just hate it! The chickens on the other hand were easy to feed becaus e all we had to do was go in the chicken house and put some feed into the feeders. Today also happened to be the day we have to clean out the chicken house. We clean all of the animals pens and houses every Monday. I know it sounds bad, but trust me it is not as bad as having to feed the pigs. When we finished feeding all of the animals, we had to go out into the fields and check on the crops and make sure there were no animals getting into the crops. While my brothers and I were in the fields, we heard the mom ringing the bell. This meant that it was time for us to eat. This is my favorite time of the day. I look forward to this every morning when I wake up. My mom is the best cook in the world. Well, once again dinner was great. When we finished eating dinner, the family would go outside and gather around my father and h ...

Reliability of Standardized Testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reliability of Standardized Testing - Essay Example If we take into account the basic ideology of standardized testing, it deals with providing information about performance of individual students and also provides an evaluation of the program. In short, we can say that standardized testing makes not only teachers accountable for the poor performance of the students, but also holds the administration equally accountable for the result as well. This is quite pertinent, because the administration is responsible for providing the teachers the basic facilities in order to carry out their jobs, hence the teachers cannot be made scapegoats under this system. Hence this system does have reliability in the sense that every body involved in the education system is accountable to some extent. The reliability of standardized testing has been put under the scanner several times in the past, in fact, as early as in the summer of 1977, at the National Consortium on testing. In this consortium it was decided to "promote a wider understanding of standardized testing among educators, legislators and public at large" (p.2). At that point itself, there was a lot of criticism from a segment of educators and administrators who felt that there had to be changes made in the system. According to Monroe (1924), the standardized tests provided "scientific" and "standard units" (p.7) for measuring the achievements of a student. These arguments are totally valid and indicate the reliability of standardized testing. However, considering there have been enormous changes in the education system, since these comments were made. If we take the current scenario into question, we have to address a host of issues in order to answer this question. There have been a number of testing methodologies that have emerged since then, and in the current scenario, we have to take these into consideration while evaluating the reliability of standardized testing. One of the strongest proponents of standardized testing was Atkinson (2001), who had argued that for use of only standardized tests in admission process in U.S Universities, as he believed that they were quite reliable and provided were fair. He was right in the sense that standardized tests not only provide comprehensive evaluation of the performance of the student, but also strengthen the basic foundation and principles involved in teaching. There are may be varying opinions over standardized testing, but there is no doubt that standardized testing is quite effective efficient. The reliability has often been questioned partly due to the efficiency and effectiveness of this methodology. As mentioned before standardized testing not only evaluates the performance of student, but also tests the efficacy of the teachers, administration and the school itself. In this way everybody involved in the system is accountable and that raises doubts that people involved may get desperate and adopt illegal mechanisms, so that they are not held accountable and this is the reason why the reliability of standardized testing has been questioned. However, the opponents of standardized education system believe that the problem with accountability is that it could cause a cascading effect; in the sense that the teachers may be influenced to design the

THEORIES OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

THEORIES OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT - Essay Example Therefore, not all lessons in management development are products of theories alone. It can be said that management development theories give a framework of analysis and understanding in modeling the learning process in real world experience. It is imperative for business organizations to give emphasis to management development. In fact, it â€Å"should be central to business strategy† and â€Å"learning should be a cherished organizational value† (Thomson et al., 2011). This paper aims to provide a brief discussion on the basic theories involved in management development. To do so, every theory would be provided ample space for articulation and are divided into sections of this essay. Steps in Management Development Mumford points out that management development, generally, cannot be planned or intentionally initiated. What can be done, however, is that the experiences of managers which may be accidental, unintentional, and informal should be assessed and considered as a learning experience afterwards (Mumford & Gold, 2004). However, there is an opposing view on this matter. Ashton defines management development as a conscious and systematic decision making process to control the development of managerial resources and achieve organizational goals and strategies (Dalton, 2010). Ashton’s model defines three patterns that an organization can take up in management development. The first pattern is where there is little or no commitment to management development from line managers. The second is where the line managers are uncertain about the merits of development and participate with low commitment and the third is where the line managers embrace the development concept and integrate it with normal activities. The model emphasizes on the contextual elements such as the goodwill and motivation of key stakeholders in determining the nature of management development. It is apparent that Ashton takes into consideration the three possible attitude s of managers towards the aspect of continuous build-up of leadership skills. The Ashridge 4F Model The model holds out the prospect of steady movement to higher levels of management development sophistication, strategic integration and purpose. This model has four stages which include the fragmented approach, the formalized approach, the focused approach and the fully integrated model (Select Knowledge, 2001). At a glance, this theory may be considered as the combination of the Mumford’s thesis and the Ashton management development model. This is because the 4F model actually integrates the essential assertion of Mumford that learning in management is not always formal or planned. However, it also takes a proactive approach, overcoming the empiricist tendency of Mumford’s argument. The fragmented approach is where management development is unplanned thus little connection between the development of organizational goals and the management development. The formalized ap proach is systematic, planned and integrated with other human resources management functions. This approach is a formal analysis and practice which may be a demerit to the organization. The focused approach is based on continuous learning and there are clear links between organizational goals and development plans, while the fully integrated model is where all kinds of management learning is integrated in everyday works of the organization and reflects on lessons of development tied to

Arlene Goldbard, “Making the World Safe for Hollywood” Essay Example for Free

Arlene Goldbard, â€Å"Making the World Safe for Hollywood† Essay The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has been in existence since 1945. Primarily founded to safeguard education even in poor countries, the organization now also looks after scientific and cultural areas as well. Recently, however, the United States refused to vote for the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. The Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts, Dana Gioia, had a few words to say about this. Personally though, Arlene Goldbard’s reaction, aptly entitled â€Å"Making the World Safe for Hollywood† is more personally compelling. It is true that Gioia presented a number of facts and details, which manifests how much the country tries to respect its existing culture; yet it sounded quite snobbish to disregard the better benefits signing the convention would bring to the country. His statement somehow addresses only the elite, or those who are directly involved in culture and the arts. Arlene Goldbard’s reaction, however, was more directed to the masses, or in other words, more people who would benefit if the United States signed the convention in the first place. It is written in a manner that is both light yet accurate, precisely looking into the matter yet in a subtler, easier-to-understand manner. This style makes it easier to read through the entire article despite the less than lively topic it has. It also tackles the issue without being too condescending and patronizing. It also presented a few of the Convention’s statement of objectives, which would benefit a large number of people and the culture in general of only the United States signed the pact in the first place. Lastly, the analogies Arlene Goldbard used, specifically that of the oyster injected the right and appropriate amount of humor that would make readers think and laugh at the same time.

Development plan Essay example -- Leadership, Personal Experience, Coa

Introduction â€Å"To look forward with acuity you must first look back with honesty.† This quote from Warren Bennis is one of the greatest philosophies by which I attempt to lead. Good leaders understand that this ability to reflect honesty on the past is critical to success in the future. In order to lead and coach a team from a position of resonance leaders must engage in a continuous journey of self-discovery. In gaining a deep understanding of themselves they are more readily able to coach and develop their teams. The process of self-discovery requires that leaders be willing to learn and adapt to both strengths and opportunities in their leadership styles. This singular skill is central to the success of any leader. In fact, it is likely the most important skill leaders need to incorporate in order to become truly remarkable. (Eikenberry, 2007, pp. 21) Over the past nine weeks I have embarked on another process of self-discovery. I have had the pleasure of speaking to a le adership coach on multiple occasions. I was able to seek insight from trusted stakeholders regarding the way I lead and coached constituents. I was even given the opportunity to provide coaching to a fellow learner. These various experience have allowed me to again take inventory of my abilities as a coach and access any relevant gaps in the way I am currently coaching in comparison with the coach I aspire to become. The following will explore the necessity of developing others, the value of coaching from a strength-based approach, the importance of good communication skills, and action items for my continued improvement as a leader/coach. Developing Others â€Å"The goal is to begin building leaders to take your place someday-to build leaders wh... ...ery. I have learned things about the way I coach that have allowed for a great deal of insight. I was glad that I scored the way I did on the Coaching Process Questionnaire, I was upset with myself because I did not feel as if I adequately prepared for my coach a fellow learner session, and I was surprised at the length by which a fellow coach will go to get through to his client. Ultimately I am pleased that I was able to gain the insight that I have and I will continue to progress towards the coaching style that I aspire. In doing so I will continue to build capacity in individuals in order to ensure the readiness of the next generation of leaders. I will coach clients based a strength-based approach in order to engender a more profound sense of purpose and direction. I will do this by asking the â€Å"right† questions and listening actively to my clients.

Homosexuality in Christianity Essay

The most common form of marriage everywhere in the world is the marriage of man and woman, or heterosexual marriage. John Edmiston quoted the Holy Bible (New King James Version) to justify this kind of marriage: â€Å"a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and they shall become one flesh† (Genesis 1:27). In a Christian perspective, the Holy Bible always seemed to be one of the best references for issues concerning Christians, and non-Christians. In the Christian perspective, Edmiston further explains that the sacred union of the male and female reflects the perfect expression of God’s power, with His image as both man and woman. Thus it is justified that heterosexual marriage is intended for a man and a woman and is meant to be life-long. This union, he says, is characterized by sexual intimacy, a normal method by which a man and a woman bonds and interacts both emotionally and physically. It is especially because man and woman both correspond to each other’s bodies and this is the very way couples produce their own offspring. Contrary to heterosexual marriage, homosexual marriage is highly debated ever since. Majority of Christian denominations do not allow same-sex marriages, deny sacred union between two men or two women. Rey Will discussed the institution of marriage as originating from religion, and not from the civil origin, justifying the major denial of marriage to homosexuals in the churches. But Edwin Lukens does not only refer homosexual or same-sex marriages to formal rites of the church or of civil marriage but it also refers to homosexual couples who live together and consider themselves as ‘married’ even if they are still unrecognized by the formal institutions of church and state. As for most Christian denominations man and woman marriage is seen to be godly, sacred, as it is natural and biblical, and is hailed for its purpose of procreation. Homosexual marriage on the other hand is viewed as unnatural, immoral, and is damaging. It is also observed to cause role confusion in the family framework. As Lukens had put it, men and women were intended to be made different from each other, coming together in a balanced state. Rick Santorum in an interview stated that homosexuals advocating for equal marriage rights do not know what same-sex marriage can do to ecology, religious liberty, and the mental and physical health of children. The clash between heterosexual and homosexual marriages is echoed throughout the references being used for this project. Homosexuality Homosexuality is basically attraction to the same sex. But where does this attraction come from? Mark Copeland discusses the origin of homosexuality. In his article he clashed two sides of homosexuality, genetic and environmental. In the case of the genetic side, homosexuals see themselves as ‘born’ homosexuals. They see their homosexuality as something natural. If it was so, homosexuality is just as acceptable to anything else and is not considered a sin to the Christian faith. A study was highlighted in Copeland’s article, where 110pairs of identical twins were separated from each other and raised differently. It was observed that if one was gay, the other twin would most likely be gay too, only at a 52% chance. However, Copeland had a different analysis of the result. He said that if homosexuality is truly genetic in origin, both twins should always be 100% straight or gay, and just the fact that it does not, it means that there are other factors contributing to homosexuality. These factors may make it easier to become entrapped in homosexuality, he explains. Copeland also discusses in his article the causes of homosexuality, based on a book by Tim LaHaye entitled â€Å"The Unhappy Gays: What Everyone Should Know About Homosexuality.† LaHaye listed components that may contribute to develop predisposition to homosexuality. Copeland discussed that the list mostly contains environmental factors such as permissive childhood training, childhood sexual trauma, childhood associates., which may begin early in life causing the person to feel that he or she was born in that way. However, this predisposition, as LaHaye puts it, must be added with other factors like repetitive homosexual experiences and pleasurable and positive homosexual thoughts. Therefore, Copeland in his article defines a homosexual as someone who â€Å"already has a ‘predisposition†¦, exposure to homosexual experiences and pleasurably reflecting upon them.† Another issue with homosexuality is health. A lot of studies has been done that proves that homosexual behavior makes homosexuals more vulnerable to disease and thus decreases their lifespan. Sexually transmitted diseases are known to be of high occurrence in homosexuals. This becomes another reason why they are seen as immoral and damaging to the society. Christian Opinons on Homosexuality It interests me to learn that Christians clash when it comes to their opinions regarding homosexuals. Some denominations see homosexuality as a sin while others do not see it as a sin but rather as something natural and acceptable. But most, according to Kelli Mahoney, fall into those who condemn the sin and not the sinner, or explained more thoroughly, homosexual behavior is condemned while homosexuals themselves are allowed and often encouraged to join as members of congregations. Most Christian denominations view homosexuality as a sin, where   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   homosexual behavior is immoral. Homosexual relationships are viewed to be something horrible and shameful. They point out to the story of Creation where God only created Adam and Eve for each other. As Copeland stated it, â€Å"if God made them that way, then it is not their fault they are homosexual and it must not be a sin to act out their desires.† Homosexuals then defend themselves as ‘born that way’. Rey Will said that the premise is that â€Å"gay [or homosexual] marriages or unions will not affect society as a whole and will only be like a normal union.† Homosexuality, Bible, and Current Christianity According to Lukens, the Bible says little about homosexual or same-sex marriage, but it says a lot about homosexuality and the immoralities connected with it. Denial of the marital union between homosexuals is justified by God’s plan for sexuality, in the Creation story in the Bible, where only man and woman are created for each other. Edmiston argues that if it was natural for homosexuality, our bodies would have been designed to be able to reproduce new offspring with the same sex, in a healthy and natural way. In the Bible, homosexual passions and acts are posed as unnatural and shameful, immoral, and it denies the practitioner entrance to the Kingdom of God. Edmiston states that this, unity outside eternal salvation, is the reason why same-sex or homosexual marriage can never be sanctioned by the church. Edmiston further states that â€Å"marriage is a fundamental social institution that does not exist just for the emotional satisfaction of two individuals but for the greater good of the community which stands under the blessing or curse of God.† As I have read from Religion Facts, the United Methodist Church sees that homosexual behavior and practice is not compatible with teaching, and that practicing homosexuals should not be ordained as ministers. However, some local congregations, especially those members of the Reconciling Ministers Network, have challenged this ruling of the church authority through putting certain homosexuals in minister power, and they have fought this policy in church courts. The Methodist Church has also supported civil rights for gays, but the issue of support for same-sex marriage is still not clear. Another interesting Christian denomination regarding homosexual issues is the Metropolitan Community Church. According to Religion Facts, it is an international fellowship of Christian congregations, with a specific outreach to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender communities. An important aspect of its faith is the acceptance of homosexuality. They had challenged the legal heterosexual definition of marriage in Ontario. Two couples in Ontario used an old legal procedure to marry without a license. As soon as same-sex marriage was legalized in Ontario, their marriages were recognized. The Metropolitan Community Church has always been attacked by bombings, desecrations, vandalism, threats, and arson, mainly due to its huge membership of homosexuals and its views on homosexuality. My last example of Christian denomination in the issue of homosexuality is the United Church of Christ, all facts again according to Religion Facts. It is organized according to congregational principles, causing views on controversial matters vary among congregations. A minority of the United Church of Christ has adopted an open and affirming statement that welcomes homosexuals in all aspects of church life. Other congregations on the other hand openly oppose homosexual practice, and many of them have no official policy at all. It had even publicized a TV commercial in 2004 promoting the policy of ‘radical hospitality’, which dramatized minorities and homosexuals that were turned away from a typical church.   However, it was not able to persuade any major U.S. TV network to air the commercial. In 2005, they encouraged their member congregations to adopt wedding policies that do not discriminate gender, and to support legislation of same-sex marriage. Homosexuals may see the approval of same-sex marriage as freeing of social and religious constraints. Jonathan Rauch said in an interview that homosexuals â€Å"need the same safety. They need the same caregiving anybody else does.† Pointing out to the unruliness of some Christians, he stated that â€Å"gay people are the only people in America who have to follow Biblical law† and â€Å"Gay people should deal with the same standards as straight people.† Still, some people see the approval of same-sex marriage as damaging. Rick Santorum said that â€Å"marriage then becomes †¦ meaningless. If anybody can get married for any reason, then it loses its special place.† Conclusion In Conclusion, Most of the Christians are against homosexuality, but some of them are not. â€Å"Are emotions a sufficient basis for marriage?† I think this question raised by Edmiston would help Christians think properly of their view of homosexuality and homosexuals. Christians may execute to follow the rules which are created by God.   Different rules are set for different Christians. Different beliefs of sex and homosexuality are also given to them. At one point, it is not different from the non-Christians because there is moral opinion and the society. At another, it is different from the non-Christians because they always focus on the religious and biblical background of homosexuality.

Impact of video games in society Essay

A video game is an interactive computer that displays a video signal, allowing you to play thousands of games on your television or handheld video game device. (Wikipedia, Video Game) We have came a very long way since the very first type of video game console was invented by Ralph Baer in 1967. From the very first console, the â€Å"Brown Box† to the more interactive video game consoles such as the Wii, Playstation, XBOX or the handheld Nintendo DS. Regardless of which video game is being used, it has made a huge impact in life’s of many children, as well as adults today. In the beginning, the games were user friendly and parents did not have much to worry about if they purchased a video game for their child. Take Pac Man for example, a very simple game where the player â€Å"Pac Man† eats dots and tries to avoid getting touched by an enemy. Now in 2012, we have games such as Call of Duty which focuses on killing members of the opposite team. As we as a society became more developed in technology, the video game systems became more and more high tech. For today’s generation, playing a 3D interactive video game is normal. The manifest function of video game systems of today is the ability to connect the console to your television and even internet and play virtually with friends online. In 2009, it was reported by the Entertainment Software Association that nearly sixty-eight percent of households told have at least one gaming system. There are many video games aimed at children today that can be used as a learning tool. However, the amount of violent games greatly outweighs the educational ones. There are many sociological impacts from video gaming systems today. Gaming systems are a very popular way of keeping children and teenagers entertained. Teenagers and children are becoming more and more addicted to these gaming systems everyday, which could lead to many issues such as poor school work or childhood obesity. Instead of doing homework or playing outside as we did before video games became popular, children are spending hours a day sitting on the couch due to the addictiveness of these games. Many of the games being sold today are full violence and teaching children bad morals such as sexuality, drug trafficking and even rape. According to Dr.Craig Morrison, a professor of psychology at Iowa State University, even if children are playing games without violence, these children are forty percent more likely to show aggressive behavior after playing. The latent functions of these video gaming systems are quite clear. If we continue to allow children to play them it will lead to childhood obesity, violence as they grow older and even lack of motivation to communicate with the real world. In 2007 a sixteen year old boy in Ohio killed his own mother and shot his father simply because they took a game away from him, â€Å"Halo 3. † According to the boy’s lawyer, he was injured in an accident that did not allow him to go anywhere, so he focused all of his time, energy, and mostly anger on playing this video game. When his parents decided the game was too violent, they took it away, causing the boy to snap. This is just one example of how video games can unintentionally lead to violence, and in this case death. The University of Texas performed a study on the relations of childhood obesity and video games. Results were found to be that video games, due to their addictiveness were the cause of the children’s overweight status, and not linked to watching television as some may argue. It was found that children with a high weight status spent more time inside and less time performing outside activities, such as sports or riding bicycles. Perhaps the parents are to blame for allowing their children to do this; however, many parents today are of the working class group, sometimes being forced to leave their children unattended to do whatever they please. Each and every video game is required to have a rating. There are seven total. Early childhood being the most non-violent and inappropriate. The rating Adults Only, requiring the purchaser to be eighteen years or older. Titles in this category usually include scenes of intense violence and or graphic sexual content and nudity. Even with the ratings, these video games are still getting into the hands of children. As our society and technology begins to grow, the problem will continue to worsen. Citations: (Iowa State University Newspaper Article) http://www. public. iastate. edu/~nscentral/news/2007/mar/vvg. shtml (Cleavlead. com Article) http://blog. cleveland. com/metro/2008/12/boy_killed_mom_and_shot_dad_ov. html.

woodstock b+ essays

woodstock b+ essays To some, the 60s were a decade of discovery as Americans first journeyed to the moon. Others remember the time as a decade of Americas moral decline with the invention of rock and roll and its representation of "sinful", inappropriate ideals. Yet for many people, the 60s symbolized a decade of love and harmony. Hippies exemplified these beliefs, and in 1969 they gathered at a music festival known as Woodstock to celebrate their music, their love, and their freedom in a concert that has remained one of the most influential events of the 60s. Police on the highways had seen the biggest traffic jam in the history of road life. The highway leading to Bethel New York was stopped by Hippies parking their vans near the farm. The hippies had to walk some twenty miles from the congested roads to their camping spot. Woodstock 1969 started out with many things going on in the world at the time. Woodstock was made to actually have young teens come to northern New York to rebel from war and celebrate that the Vietnam War was over and that they wanted it to stay that way. The teens and kids that came were either rebels or hippies. The main inventors of Woodstock 1969 were John Roberts, Joel Rosenman, Artie Kornfeld and Michael Lang. These men were blended by the urge to make Woodstock 1969 happen and they each had a different skill. Roberts was known for the money, Lang had concert experience, Kornfeild had the power of persuasion, and Rosenman had the will to spread the news. These men met by being friends and Lang met with the other people by having them at his other concerts. These men had found a place to have Woodstock. The men then reconsidered because of the fact that it was just not what they were looking for. They then found a pasture called Yasgur Farms. They thought it would be perfect. It didnt have any of the needs of the common man such as indoor plumbing and a minimum amou...

French Expressions Using Sans

French Expressions Using Sans The French preposition sans means without and is also used in many expressions. Learn how to say homeless, otherwise, barefoot, and more with this list of expressions with sans.sans abrihomelesssans argentpennilesssans attendreright awaysans aucun doutewithout a doubtsans blagueseriously, all kidding asidesans broncherwithout flinchingsans butaimlesssans à §a (informal)otherwisesans cesseconstantly, continuously, incessantlysans-coeurheartlesssans chaussuresbarefootsans culottes~without fancy underwear (reference to militant republicans in the French Revolution)sans domicile fixehomelesssans doutedoubtless, no doubtsans efforteasily, effortlesslysans fautewithout failsans-gà ªneinconsideratesans malwithout any difficultysans mà ªme noun or infinitivewithout even noun or -ingsans mà ¨remotherlesssans nul doutewithout a doubtsans oublierlast but not leastsans pà ¨refatherlesssans plusthats it, no more than thatsans plus attendrewithout further delaysans prà ©jugà ©sunbiasedsan s que subjunctive  Ã‚  Ã‚  for example, sans quil le sachewithout ____ing  Ã‚  Ã‚  without him knowingsans quoi (informal)otherwisesans le savoirunknowingly, unwittinglysans soincarelesssans soucicarefreesans le vin (menu)not including winesans se le faire dire deux foiswithout having to be told twiceles sans abrithe homelessles sans domicile fixethe homelessun/e sans-emploiunemployed personle sans-faà §oncasualness, offhandednessle sans-fautefaultless performance, something impeccableun sans-filcordless phoneun/e sans-gradeenlisted man/woman; underling, peon, small fryles sans-le-southe have-nots, pennilessles sans-logisthe homelessun/e sans-papiersillegal immigrantun/e sans-parti (politics)independentun/e sans-patrieperson without nationalityun/e sans-soin (archaic)careless personun/e sans-souci (archaic)carefree, happy-go-lucky personun/e sans-travailunemployed personles sans-voixpeople with no voiceboire sans soifto drink without being thirstyà ªtre sans argentto be penn ilessjamais deux sans troiseverything happens in threesJy crois sans y croire. I believe it and I dont.non sansnot withoutLesson: French preposition sans

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 13

Operations Management - Essay Example The international nature that is evident in the markets as well as competition has made many of the companies that operate globally to make reviews to their operations strategy and the companies are thus moving from the centralized operations to the decentralized ones so that they can benefit from the accessible resources while being closer to the markets. The organizations have also made several changes in the approaches, techniques and operations they employ with the goal of meeting the evolving requirements associated with the market. Companies therefore have to be in competition on the basis of more than one competitive performance goals that include quality, cost, receptiveness, suppleness as well as reliability.Mass customization has therefore developed to be a key goal as in many of the companies and the organizations are developing the build-to-order supply chain so that it can be flexible and responsive. To accomplish mass customization, the build-to-order model has to be ac tively implemented in a variety of industries, company like BMW allows the customers to make changes to the vehicles that they want within six days of the final assembly and this includes an entire change in the colour of the car. This enables the company for example, to build more than half a million permutations of the Z3 since they can be tweaked to the customer’s specifications in the event that he or she wants adjustments.As a result of the escalating international competition as well as a decline in the profit margins.

Four Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Four Questions - Essay Example b) Secondly, people who have collective social values are mostly from families or groups with similar social values which either defer to the wishes of the groups or families and also there is a strong influence on the decision making process. People tend to correlate lesser and the work values of people who value individualism and make their own occupational choices. c) There are no constraints for the occupational decision – making process when the individual cultural values are taken into consideration. The decisions taken by people who believe in individualism are generally more important transition points like the graduations from school. These people tend to act on the decisions made more than people who are either collectivism or individualism and more focused on being or being – in – becoming. a) Genetic Endowment and Special Abilities: It has been recognised by Krumboltz that there are certain inherited characteristics which can influence the individuals to a great extent. Examples of these include, race, gender, physical appearance and others like intelligence, musical abilities or even physical coordination. b) Environmental Conditions and Events: These are external forces that influence peoples’ choices. However these play a very important role in the decision making process. Some of these influences are man made while others are natural sources. c) Learning Experiences: Also the experiences that people gain from education and life are both a major part of the decision making process of careers. There are two main types of learning experiences that can be gained, a) Instrumental which are when the individuals act on the environment to produce certain consequences and b) Associative Learning Experience which is more based on external stimuli and gained by pairing two events in time or

Transition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Transition - Essay Example The objective of transition is to plan and adopt some educational and interactive activities which will prepare the students for further education and employment. Transition services and plans for youth with disabilities are now mandated under the recently enacted 'Education of the Handicapped Act' Amendments of 1990. Barone et al. (1991) explained that youth is the crucial time when an individual requires friendship and social interaction to disrupt the barriers of apprehension. Severely disabled students often are deprived of good communication and comprehensive skills which strengthen social relationships and they often feel secluded and isolated. The concept of Inclusion of youth with disabilities in regular classrooms helps to build a healthy and motivating relationship among the students. This concept not only enhances the career related outcomes but also reinforces the sense of belonging to Human family. Families have a critical impact on the successful transition from school to adult life for young adults with disabilities. The involvement of the parents in the transition process is mandatory as they will have a better idea of their children's temperament, interests and abilities. On the contrary parents may sometimes become very emotional and over protective which may act as a hindrance for the development of the students. Parents often tend to underestimate their children or hold unrealistic high expectations of them when compared to regular children. As Jean E. Ness explains parents always have confusion between the abilities and motivations of their children. Special Education and Support System Individuals with disabilities require more vigorous and dedicated training when compared to normal students as they have to overcome the many additional hurdles of life. Special education should be directed towards assessment and instruction of students for smooth transition from school to post-secondary activities like employment or post-secondary education. If special education teachers do not take proper interest in motivating students then there will be potential increase in number of drop outs. The support system should be concerned, organized, focused towards the goal of transition process for students. Self determination and Motivation One of the reasons for poor post school outcomes is that students with disabilities leave school without self-determination. Students who do not have the motivation to plan and manage their lives will leave school without the skills necessary to secure a meaningful job. During the transition process high risk youth should be identified and their morale should be boosted up with self confidence and mastery of self-management skills. Several recent models of student involvement in transition planning include creating a self-directed individualized education program (IEP). Difference in the Environment of instruction The idea of going to new campus or community is of a big

To say the word Romanticism is to say modern art- that is intimacy Essay Example for Free

To say the word Romanticism is to say modern art- that is intimacy Essay Blake and Wordsworth were both Romantic poets yet their views of London are opposed to each other. What are these conflicting visions of the same city and how do they differ from one another? To say the word Romanticism is to say modern art- that is intimacy, spirituality, colour, aspiration towards the infinite, expressed by every means available to the arts. Charles Baudelaire Romantic poets were preoccupied with the idea of the pastoral idyll; a rural landscape where man was spiritually and physically at one with nature. These Pastoral fantasies typically invoked Pagan deities and ideology. Romanticism, according to Baudelaire is colourful and lively. Blake and Wordsworth are both Romantic poets yet their views of London, as portrayed in their poems; Westminster and London, are very different. Wordsworths poem Westminster has a joyful, exultant tone towards London and the diction could be considered colourful and spiritual. However, Blakes poem London has a pessimistic tone, more typical of a Romantic poet. Blakes London shares a view which is expected from a Romantic as the Romantics did not want industrialisation of Great Britain to occur. The negative effects of the Industrial Revolution were especially prominent in London, so this miserable, urban landscape is anathematic to Blake. Romantics wanted the countryside to remain untouched and bucolic. The gloomy diction in London shows this funereal tone. Cry of fear, marks of weakness, marks of woe, hapless Soldiers sigh and blights with plagues the Marriage hearse are all examples of the diction used to build a sense of vulnerability and repulsiveness in London. The perspective that Blake uses also shows that he is projecting his own Romantic feelings onto London. He uses the first person, I repeatedly throughout the poem and also opens with it. For example, I wander, I meet and I hear. This illustrates that his view of London is subjective. The poem is also written in the present tense and this gives the sense of living the experience with the narrator. Thus the poem seems more immediate and intimate. The imagery used in Blakes poem is also depressing and there are many examples of aural, tactile and visual imagery. The marks in every face he meets are examples of visual imagery. He uses words such as marks and every repeatedly and this stresses the ubiquity of misery and moral decrepitude in the city. Examples of the aural imagery that Blake uses are cry of every man, cry of fear and the mind-forgd manacles I hear. These aural images convey the negative effects and emotions that can be found within the people of London. The tactile image of the mind-forgd manacles is also particularly interesting as it is an example of figurative language rather than literal. It is a metaphor for the restrictions or constraints that are placed on people, either by societys expectations and demands or perhaps by themselves. It appears that Blake suggests that people in London are manacled by their own moral weakness. During the Victorian period, men who paid prostitutes were disgraced, not only for the moral reasons of committing a sin, but for the fact that they may have contracted a venereal disease such as gonorrhoea or syphilis. The marks which Blake relates to, such as the marks of woe may be moral weaknesses that men would have been ashamed to be associated with, for example when paying a prostitute for sexual pleasure. However, these marks may also have been literal scars from diseases they had caught. In the last stanza, Blake uses the word midnight. This has dark connotations to it and gives the sense of an evil atmosphere. Blake also adds to this wicked atmosphere in the lines, How the youthful Harlots curse/Blasts the new-born Infants tear as he uses diction such as Harlot, curse and Infants tear. These lines also inform the reader about the harlot and her baby. The curse which Blake relates to could be infecting of the harlots baby with gonorrhoea. This is shown as her baby has a tear in her eye and probably has a problem with it, a symptom of gonorrhoea. In the last line, Blake writes And blights with plagues the marriage hearse. This line suggests that the city is married to death as it uses the oxymoron marriage hearse. This is a conflation of two opposed ideas since a hearse is associated with a funeral because it carries a coffin. Blake may be implying that the city is married to death, or is doomed since the majority of infants in the city are possibly associated with venereal disease. This is shown as he uses the word most when discussing the most common thing that he sees in the streets of London. However, these lines could be considered ambiguous since Blake may be telling us of what he hears in the streets, for example, a Harlot cursing, or swearing at her baby when it cries. London is divided into four stanzas of four lines each and has an alternate rhyme scheme. The rhythm is rather constrained and this gives the impression that the poet is narrating the story as he wanders thro' London, this further emphasises the intimacy. In each stanza there is one main idea which develops the overall motion that London is a corrupt, morally decrepit city. In the first stanza, the idea of London being a charterd city is explored. Blake says that the streets and the River Thames in London are charterd. It could be interpreted that he believes the city has been hired and brought up by commerce and through money. In the second stanza, Blake attempts to show the unhappiness in the city and the depressing effect it has on people by using the word cry repeatedly whilst in the third stanza he writes about how the institutions are corrupted such as the palace. This is shown in the lines The hapless soldiers sigh/Runs in blood down Palace walls. One possible interpretation of the word palace is that it is a metonymy for the government. Blake may be stating that the hapless soldiers have been sent to die while trying to gain power for the British Empire. These lines are also a powerful fusion of light and sound and contain examples of both aural and visual imagery, for example hapless soldiers sigh and runs in blood down palace walls. In the third stanza, Blake implies that the church is becoming corrupted or is blackning, either literally by the pollution that the city is creating or figuratively as it stands by and watches the innocent youths being exploited, such as the chimney sweepers, and the abuse of soldiers. However, the line Every blackning church appals could be considered ambiguous, since the phrase Church appals suggests that it is disgusted by the corrupted institutions, such as the Palace but does not have the power to take much action against them or simply does not want to irritate the palace. Therefore, Blake most likely wants the palace to hear his concerns that he is voicing, which he believes many other people in London share. This idea is reinforced by the fact that in this stanza, if the first letter of every word, on every line is taken, the word HEAR can be made, this also highlights the aural imagery used in this stanza. The word appals may also echo the largest symbol of religious power in London, St Pauls Cathedral and this suggests that Blake is questioning why the church has not spoken out against the government. Unlike the third, the fourth stanza is focused on the future of London. This is because the infant described has a future and eventually the infants in London will become adults who will have to take part in the daily running of the city. However, unlike Blake and other Romantics, Wordsworths Westminster has a surprisingly optimistic tone for a poem written by Romantic. This joyful tone is shown in the diction and imagery he uses. Such as, beauty of the morning, sun more beautifully and calm so deep are all examples of the lauding diction that Wordsworth uses. His exultant view towards the city is also shown in the form in which his poem is constructed. The rhythm is an iambic pentameter and the first eight lines have a rhyme scheme which is ABBAABBA, an octet, then the last six lines have a different rhyme scheme which is CDCDDC, a sestet. This octet and sestet suggests his powerful feelings towards London as it is a sonnet, and sonnets are usually associated with love and desire. In the octet, Wordsworth tells us in detail what he sees and introduces his idea of London being so touching. However, in the sestet; he develops this idea and attempts to unify Londons landscape with the beauty of the natural world, Wordsw orth also informs the reader about what he feels, rather than what he sees. The images that Wordsworth uses also show the rhapsodic tone of the poem as shown in the line a sight so touching in its majesty. The poet uses the word touching in order to convey the uncomplicated strength of his perception, touch being the most direct of the senses. In the opening three lines Wordsworth challenges any doubters that do not believe London looked so perfect at this time. This is shown in the argumentative punctuation he uses and he writes that: Earth has not anything to show more fair:/Dull would he be of soul who could pass by/A sight so touching in its majesty. In these lines, Wordsworth is praising the city and claiming that there is nothing more fair on earth than London on this particular day. He also criticises any soul or person who could ignore a sight so great in majesty and beauty. The fact that Wordsworth opens with these powerful lines of adoration sets the atmosphere in the poem and also shows the reader how beautiful the city looked. He uses the words majesty and soul since these have religious connotations connected with them. The word majesty could be associated with the King or Queen; who was traditionally appointed by God, this makes the city seem almost royal or God-like. This diction and the tone of the poem, along with the examples of personification he uses, make it seem that Wordsworth is almost having an epiphany due to the spiritual intensity of the diction he uses. The words by and majesty are also particularly interesting as although there is not a strict aural rhyme, there is a sight rhyme which means that the rhyme scheme is not disrupted. Unlike Blake in London, Wordsworth uses personification to eulogize the city, this can be seen when he says that This city now doth, like a garment, wear/The beauty of the morning; silent, bare. As Wordsworth uses the simile like a garment, this personifies the city. Wordsworth says that the city wears the beauty of the morning, it could be interpreted that the city and the morning contrast so perfectly that they seem to be one with each other, but may also just be an example of Wordsworth attempting to reunite the urban area with nature. There is a similar example of this when Wordsworth is seeking to reconcile the urban sprawl with the bucolic scenes that a Romantic values above all else. This is why the city is described in natural terms and why Wordsworth sees the city merging seamlessly with the countryside beyond: Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie/Open unto the fields and to the sky. Wordsworth also lists the ships, towers domes (and) theatres and this gives the impression of him looking across a horizon. The word lie also gives the sense that the ships, towers domes (and) theatres rest grandly, but gently on the horizon as though they are blanketed in their own majesty. Unlike Blake, this is an example of Wordsworth studying and appreciating the city and its physical features, rather than the people who live in it. Wordsworth has an objective view of the city as he is literally elevated on a bridge, while Blake has a more detailed perspective which does not allow him to realize the true beauty of the of London, since he is walking through the streets. Blake seems to be immersed in this anathematic landscape, the emotional problems of the people in the city and the government who live there. Another image that Blake uses acts on our sense of smell. He describes the air as being smokeless and this destroys the idea of London being a polluted city covered by smog, which was caused by the many factories. It is surprising for a Romantic to write this as the Romantics were a reaction to the industrial revolution and one would expect that a Romantic would not speak highly of an industrialised city, such as London. However, this leads the reader to believe the poem was written in the early morning, when the sun was rising since the very houses (seemed) asleep and the factories had not yet opened. Wordsworth also uses other examples of personification and one of these is shown when he says Never did sun more beautifully steep/In his first splendour, valley, rock, or hill. The poet personifies the sun by relating to it with the word his. The personification that Wordsworth uses is an example of figurative, not literal language. Wordsworth also leads the reader to believe that he has never seen such a perfect sunrise and that it is equal to or more than a sunrise in a rural landscape. Another example of Wordsworth personifying something in nature by referring to it as his is when he tells the reader that The River glideth at his own sweet will. This not only personifies the river but it deifies it adding evidence to the poets pagan sensibility. This is because many Romanticists were connected with paganism as they believed in the worship of natural Gods, for example the Gods of Sun and Water. This line also makes the river seem as though it flows freely, peacefully and without being forced, Wordsworth further emphasises this serene atmosphere when he says neer saw I, never felt, a calm so deep! This gives the impression that the city is a peaceful place. Wordsworth also uses other techniques to praise London apart from personification. On the last line, the poet uses a metaphor to describe London. He says And all that mighty heart is lying still! The mighty heart is a metonymy for London and he describes the city as being still, this further leads the reader to believe that this is set in the early morning when even the very houses seem asleep. This adds further evidence that London was calm and tranquil at this particular moment. Although it seems unusual for a Romantic to write such an optimistic poem about London, the specific time, date and place: Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802 is a message to the reader that the poet remains a Romantic yet could not help but succumb to this particularly powerful vision of beauty. By creating such a precise title, Wordsworth attempts to explain that any Romantic would have felt the same way and therefore, it is not meant to be unexpected; he attempts to explain that this experience was an anomaly. Although it seems that Blake only saw a certain, lower class part of London where soliciting and disease thrived alongside especially harsh working conditions for children, Blakes poem, London is typical of a Romantic poet who was opposed to the Industrial Revolution and therefore, this justifies the reason for him writing such a negative poem, since the Romantics were preoccupied with the idea of a bucolic landscape.

Similarities Between Aristophanes Lysistrata and Euripides Medea Ess

Similarities Between Aristophanes' Lysistrata and Euripides' Medea The poetic tone of Aristophanes' Lysistrata differs greatly from the poetic tone of the Greek tragedies we have read in class. However, after analyzing this Greek comedy, it seems to share some of the main characteristics of Euripides' Medea. Within these plays, we meet shrewd, powerful masculine women who use the art of manipulation to get what they want from others and to accomplish their goals. This theme of manipulation is employed through various means and techniques. The women of these plays also seem to contradict the stereotypical woman and have characteristics similar to the Homeric Greek warrior. In the opening scene of the Medea, the nurse tells the audience of Medea's sorrow. Although Medea has done everything possible to please Jason including committing crimes in his behalf, Jason leaves her and decides to wed the daughter of Creon, the king of Corinth. Though Jason is able to manipulate Medea in the beginning, his powers of manipulation are no match for Medea. Jason also tries to rationalize his actions by claiming that his sole purpose in marrying Creon's daughter is to better the lives of Medea and their children. However, after Medea is full of rage, it is impossible for Jason to manipulate her any further. Throughout the rest of the play, we see several examples of her excellent manipulative skills. When Medea admits to her murderous intentions to the women of Corinth, she is able to convince them to keep silent about it. She pleads to them using their feministic views to her advantage. When Aegus, the king of Greece arrives in Corinth, she manipulates him to offers her refuge from her enemies in return for a cure for his in... ...nd coaching them, but never physically joining them in their demonstration against the war. Although Lysistrata is manipulative, her character is more likeable than Medea's character. Lysistrata is not vengeful when carrying out these plans. Although Lysistrata does gain much power when she organized this movement, her intention is not selfish. Lysistrata manipulates these men and women for, what she believes is a greater good, peace. Also, Medea is feared and deemed powerful because of her passionate rages, while Lysistrata's power comes from her ability to remain strong and composed throughout the play. They are both shrewd characters who undermine the stereotypical subservient female. While Lysistrata serves as a great leader and earns the respect of many men and Medea gains power by cruel means, both use manipulative tactics to accomplish their goals.

Topic Paper

Since most managers' lack specialized knowledge, like the latest laws and rules, it is very risky to not have HER professionals. According to the authors of all three of the articles, HER should be adding value and causing a good business flow by being a business partner to an organization. HER professionals should be pin-pointing critical points of the business where the strategy succeeds or fails, and providing relevant talent solutions. HER should be a business partner to a company and not Just a department. According to Hammond, there are four reasons why HER is â€Å"uniquely unsuited† to do what it should be doing.First, HER doesn't tend to hire a lot of independent thinkers interested in business or people who stand up as moral compasses. Second, HER has a tendency to measure amount of input, but not output. For example, they know the amount of training that each employee has but do not know how that training has positively influenced the business decisions of that empl oyee. Third, HER forfeits long-term value for short-term cost efficiency. Lastly, HER does not have its ear to top management. According to Muddy, HER can be more impacting within organizations by simply asking ‘does it cause friction in the business r does it create flow?Hammond believes that the HER function of companies like Yahoo, Hunter Douglas, and Cardinal Health are bringing HER into the realm of business strategy. These companies are truly making HER a business partner. Hammond believes that these companies are doing it right by trusting and listening to HER in order to properly assess what the company needs and then finding the talent to fill that hole. The companies have also done right by properly identifying HER as an important part of their company. From these three articles I can draw that HER s a department with a lot of problems.Some companies have not used HER to its full potential. HER sometimes is valued so little that even the people hired into this functi on of the company can't execute the plans that are put into place. HER is under- used and under-appreciated in most of today's companies. In my opinion the role of HER is to keep employees happy, and to hire and train employees that will be beneficial to their team. Also, in my opinion the importance of HER is very high because without a strong HER department your employees will end up being unhappy or misused.

Physiological Education Essay

Harvard President Lawrence Summers caused quite a stir in January 2005 when he proposed that women are lagging behind in science and mathematics because of â€Å"innate differences between the sexes† (Angier and Chang, 2005). Angier and Chang at the New York Times agree. They write that research has found that there are a lot of discrepancies–the architecture of their brains, in quantitative test scores, attitudes toward math and science–between men and women (Angier and Chang, 2005). The New York Times report found that boys have outscored girls in the math part of the SATs by as much as 35 points, while verbal scores are very similar. On the other hand, the report notes that there are more boys with attention-deficit disorder, learning disabilities, and autism (Angier and Chang, 2005). Boys, on the other hand, fare rather poorly with reading and writing. NAEP writing tests results in 2003 showed that boys scored 24 points lower than girls. The trend can be seen as early as the fourth grade all the way through college (Connell and Gunzelmann, 2004). Kate Melville explains that girls mainly use a system that is involves more memorization and association of words, while boys rely on a system the deals with the rules of language. Melville, citing a study by Michael Ullman, adds that both boys and girls are using different neurocognitive brain processes in learning language, and information processing (Melville, 2006). Jasna Jovanovic and Candice Dreves sums it up in saying that over the years, the notion is that boys have superior spatial abilities, which helps them in math. While girls are better at language and writing (1995). Do girls learn differently from boys? This paper will provide proof that they indeed do, and will try to delve into why and how they learn differently. Lastly it looks into recommendations for addressing such learning disparities between the genders. Preferences in Learning Styles Erica Wehrwein and her fellow researchers identify the learning style preferences of students to include visual, auditory, read-write, and kinesthetic. They also found that a little more than half of the females preferred a single mode of presenting information, as opposed to only 12. 5% of males (Wehrwein, et. al. , 2007). More than a third of the females favored the kinesthetic mode, followed by the read-write mode at16. 7% (Wehrwein, et. al. , 2007). On the other hand, boys preferred auditory, read-write and kinesthetic evenly (Wehrwein, et. al. , 2007). The researchers conclude that there is a significance difference in learning style preferences between boys and girls. Brain-based Differences Nikhil Swaminathan at the Scientific American says that a growing body of studies over since the 1960s have documented that girls have superior language skills. Swaminathan cites a journal report from the Neuropsychologia that says that girls completing a linguistic-related task showed greater activity in the areas of the brain that are responsible for language encoding, and abstract deciphering of information. The boys showed more activities in the visual and auditory areas, depending on how the words were presented (Swaminathan, 2008). Swaminathan concludes that in a classroom, it implies that boys have to be taught visually and orally (through texts and lecture) to gain a full understanding of the lesson, while girls can pick up the concepts by using one of either (Swaminathan, 2008). The study monitored the brain activities of 62 kids (31 of each) from 9 to 15 years old (Swaminathan, 2008). CBS News correspondent Elizabeth Kaledin cites a study conducted by University of California at Irvine psychologist Richard Haire, which shows that at the very least, men’s and women’s brains work differently (Kaledin, 2005). Kaledin also cites Dr. Jay Geidd’s studies showing that boys and girls have different brain development, with girls’ brains maturing faster than boy’s, except in the area involved in mechanical skills (Kaledin, 2005). Dr. Leonard Sax offers a much more empirical example, saying that at 12, the geometry area in a girl’s brain is equal to that of an 8 year old boy, while the language area of a boy’s brain is three or four years behind that of a girl’s brain. Dr. Sax concludes that boys and girls see, hear and respond differently (Kaledin, 2005). The Environment’s Role In an interview Parent News, Jasna Jovanovic stresses that there are no genetically-based differences between girls and boys. Jovanovic, however, says that girls will benefit more from teaching methods that include performance-based assessments, hands-on, active approaches, and cooperative learning. Jovanovic also reiterated that the difference might lie in the child’s environment. Jovanovic laments that societal expectations and stereotypes tell girls that they are not good in math or science, so they shouldn’t be very interested in it (Understanding Gender†¦ , undated). Jovanovic participated in a single-sex education in grades K-12 roundtable discussion sponsored by the American Association of University Women Educational Foundation. Jovanovic’s view is shared by Barnard President Judith Shapiro who adding that while nature may form part of the loss of interest among girls in science, there is also the nurture part (Kaledin, 2005). Donna Milgram, expounding on the gender differences in math, science, engineering and technology, says that the reason why many girls are floundering in these areas is that they have less experience in the hands-on application of learning principles than boys. Milgram says that the studies show that gender differences, most likely, stems out of nurture, not nature (Milgram, undated). Milgram adds that another important area of concern is that of perception and confidence. Females are most likely to succeed in science, engineering, technology and math if they feel confident that they could master it (Milgram, undated). Recommendations Jovanovic and Dreves recommends that child care providers and teachers give every child the chance to learn math and science. Staff should be trained on the equal treatment of boys and girls in the classroom, as well as be given the necessary resources and materials to give the children hands-on experiences in both subjects (Jovanovic and Dreves, 1995). Jovanovic, in the Parents News interview, also suggests a smaller class size, a core curriculum approach, more personal relationships between teahcers, students and administrators, more higher-order thinking-related activities (Understanding Gender†¦ , undated). Teachers, as well as students, need to be aware of learning style preferences. That way, they can tailor-fit their instruction, activities and tasks to optimize learning. Dr. Leonard Sax says that it’s very important to understand and pay more attention to the learning differences between girls and boys, and even in the differences in the way they develop. Dr. Sax points out that if we continue to ignore these differences, chances are at age 13, we’d have girls who think they can’t do math and boys who think that poetry is a waste of time (Kaledin, 2005). * * * The body of evidence, the growing of research, the viewpoints held by various authorities may differ, at the very least, and contrasting and confusing at the most. What’s clear, however, is the fact that girls and boys differ in they ways that they learn something. It may be attributed to physiological factors, or it may stem from the child’s environment. The debate, however, is important not because we need to determine whether boys are more intelligent than girls. That is way beside the point. Our role as educators is to make sure that our students learn, in a manner that’s easy for them. While suggestions have been brought to extremes like a single-sex classroom setting, the bulk of the responsibility rests on our shoulders. We need to understand these differences, be it physiological, or environmental. We need to understand our students. We need to understand their learning patterns. Having understood their strengths, and the innate differences, we can tap it to make it easier for them to learn. We need to find out the proper and optimal mix of instruction, of lectures, of the use of materials and resources. We need to be creative, innovative in the classrooms and outside it, in order to capture our students and interests in they way they were wired to appreciate it. Lastly, and perhaps, most importantly, we need to create a supportive classroom environment where boys and girls can be themselves, and make both understand that each of them are there to learn in his or her own style and pace. It’s the only way we can safeguard their self-confidence and esteem. References Angier, Natalie and Chang, Kenneth. (2005). Gray Matter and Sexes: A Gray Area Scientifically. New York Times. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. Connell, Diane and Gunzelmann, Betsy. (2004). The New Gender Gap. The Instructor, March 2004. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. Kaledin, Elizabeth. (2005). Intellectual Gender Gap? CBS News. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. Jovanovic, J. and Dreves C. (1995). Math, science, and girls: Can we close the gender gap? University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. Melville, Kate. (2006). Big Gender Differences In Language Learning. Georgetown University Medical Center. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. Milgram, Donna. Gender Differences in Learning Style Specific to Science, Technology, Engineering and Math. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. Swaminathan, Nikhil. (2008). Girl Talk: Are Women Really Better at Language? Scientific American. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. Understanding Gender Differences that May Occur in Classroom Settings. Adoption. Com. Retrieved on 15 April 2008. Wehrwein, Erica, Lujan Heidi and DiCarlo, Stephen. (2007). Gender differences in learning style preferences among undergraduate physiology students. Advances in Physiological Education. Retrieved on 15 April 2008.